RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to simulate reusing an opened package of bone substitute (BS) under typical clinical conditions, by analyzing bacterial growth in samples of resealed packages of alloplast and xenograft BS following different time periods up to a week. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was performed in 2 stages: dry stage and wet stage. In the dry stage, BS samples were exposed to air for 15 minutes and then were sealed again in their original package. After several "aging" periods [no aging (t0), 24 hours (t1), and 1 week (t7)], BS samples were plated onto brain heart infusion agar and were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours under aerobic conditions. Bacterial colonies were enumerated and colony forming units per 1 mL was calculated. In the wet stage, the experiment was repeated but BSs were left to age in a brain heart infusion broth to simulate a more supporting humid environment to encourage bacterial growth. RESULTS: In the dry stage of the experiment, no bacterial growth was detected in both xenograft and alloplast samples (colony forming units/mL=0), in any of the time points (t0, t1, t7). In the wet stage, average bacterial growth was 0 for both groups in t0. In t1: 1.14 × 10 4 ±4.16 × 10 3 for the xenograft and 7.73 × 10 5 ± 9.99 × 10 5 for the alloplast. In t7: 1.64 × 10 9 ±1.82 × 10 8 in the xenograft compared with 8.86 × 10 8 ±4.00 × 10 8 for the alloplast. Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed a significant difference in comparison of the 2 BSs for each time group (t1 and t7) ( P <0.005). CONCLUSION: Under dry conditions, in a resealed package, there was no bacterial growth for up to 1 week for both BSs. Once the BSs are introduced to a humid environment, which supports bacterial growth, the xenograft BS allowed more rapid bacterial growth, compared with the alloplastic BS.
RESUMO
Previous investigations showed that a high molecular mass, non-dialyzable material (NDM) from cranberries inhibits the adhesion of a number of bacterial species and prevents the co-aggregation of many oral bacterial pairs. In the present study we determined the effect of mouthwash supplemented with NDM on oral hygiene. Following 6 weeks of daily usage of cranberry-containing mouthwash by an experimental group (n = 29), we found that salivary mutans streptococci count as well as the total bacterial count were reduced significantly (ANOVA, P < 0.01) compared with those of the control (n = 30) using placebo mouthwash. No change in the plaque and gingival indices was observed. In vitro, the cranberry constituent inhibited the adhesion of Streptococcus sobrinus to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. The data suggest that the ability to reduce mutans streptococci counts in vivo is due to the anti-adhesion activity of the cranberry constituent.
